Thailand initiated airstrikes along its contested border with Cambodia late Monday, as both governments accused each other of instigating the most recent surge of violence, thereby raising fresh concerns about the stability of a ceasefire brokered by Trump.

Thai authorities stated that Cambodian troops opened fire in several locations along the frontier, resulting in the death of one Thai soldier and injuries to others. The Thai army indicated that civilians in nearby communities were being evacuated as the situation intensified. Major General Winthai Suvaree informed The Associated Press that Cambodian forces first discharged weapons into Thai territory and that aircraft were deployed to strike “military targets in several areas to suppress Cambodian supporting fire attacks.”

Cambodia rejected this account. Defense Ministry spokesperson Maly Socheata told AP that Thai forces launched the initial assault and affirmed that Cambodia did not retaliate during the initial confrontation. The ministry urged Thailand to cease its military operations.

Footage released by Cambodia’s Education Ministry depicted students leaving schools near the border as families hurried to collect their children.

This escalation follows a smaller incident on Sunday. Thailand reported that Cambodian forces wounded two of its soldiers before Thai troops responded for approximately 20 minutes. Cambodia, however, asserted that Thailand also initiated that encounter and claimed it did not return fire.

Tensions have persisted despite a ceasefire facilitated by U.S. President , which had ended five days of fighting in July that claimed the lives of dozens of soldiers and civilians. That agreement showed signs of strain last month when several Thai soldiers were injured by landmines in disputed areas, leading the Thai government to announce it would suspend the implementation of certain parts of the deal.

Both sides have continued to attribute blame to one another for ceasefire violations, even though the truce mandates cooperation on mine removal and measures to stabilize the border.

Thailand and Cambodia share a long history of conflict, dating back to rival kingdoms that contended for influence over centuries. In the modern era, disputes have centered on French colonial-era border maps, which Thailand maintains are inaccurate.

Despite the October agreement, neither country has achieved a resolution to the underlying , and regional observers warn that renewed clashes could draw the two nations closer to a wider conflict without renewed diplomatic engagement.